Hello. Our resident nutritionist is the very lovely Dr Shilps. As well as being very lovely and a born foodie, she's spent about 10 years studying nutrition (she's got a BSc, MMedSci and a PhD in it) and there's still lots of stuff she's finding out and telling us as the science world explores nutrition even more.
Anyway, there’s lots of information out there about nutrition and food and sometimes it can be really confusing. So we thought it would be nice if we had a blog post where Shilpee can tell you all about it and you can tell us what else you'd like to know too. In this one Dr. Shilps is going to talk about sugar and energy...
Sugar (the white stuff you get in a sugar bowl) is always seen as the culprit beind energy highs and lows, so I'm going to uncover the truths about this for you right here.
Sucrose
Sugar is also known as sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide which translates from Greek as "2 sugars". The 2 sugars are glucose and fructose, which are called monosaccharides (which for all you clever things out there does indeed mean "single sugar").
So what happens when you eat sugar?
When you eat sucrose, it gets broken down into glucose and fructose. Glucose goes into the blood and the level of it is very closely regulated by the hormone insulin. If there's too much glucose in the blood, insulin comes along and whisks away the excess so your blood sugar stays at the right level.
What happens to glucose in the blood?
Well, it's used as fuel in the body. Glucose is the primary fuel for the body and brain - without it, it would be very hard to function and do things like talk on the telephone at the same time as painting your nails and making cheese-on-toast. Any glucose that isn't used up on these sort of things goes to the liver.
Right. So what happens to fructose then?
So, fructose on the other hand doesn't go into the bloodstream. Which means it does not impact directly on blood sugar levels. Instead, it goes straight to the liver, where the liver performs one of it's many roles, which in this case is as a temporary storage house. Fructose and unused glucose are stored in the liver and then released when your body needs it.
And what happens if your body doesn't need it?
Like any excess food, if you don't burn off the excess sucrose, your body will eventually conserve it as fat.
So what's the best sort of energy to have?
You should try to eat foods that have a low glycaemic index (GI). The GI is the power of a carbohydrate to raise glucose levels of a food once it's been eaten.
Carbohydrate can be easily converted into energy for the body and there are 2 main types
(1) Complex carbs like starch (found in things like bread, rice and potatoes)
(2) Simple carbs like glucose, lactose and fructose (found in things like fruit and milk)
Typically , white bread has a GI of 70 which is classed as high, whereas lentils have a GI of 30, which is classed as low.
How do I get steady energy then?
If you eat lower GI foods, your body will get a steady supply of energy which means you won't have to secrete as much insulin to bring your sugar levels down. This means the body doesn't have to work as hard. Fibre, protein and fats all slow down the release of glucose as well so that energy release is nice and steady. Fibre is particular good as it also benefits the digestive system, helps you to feel full and has no calories.
So a great example of an amazing low GI combo would be porridge oats with milk and fresh raspberries and blueberries for breakfast. It's what I eat every morning and means I don't start reaching for the biscuits at 11am.
So what about smoothies?
Our smoothies have a low GI content. This is because all the sugar comes naturally from the fruit, so there is more fructose than glucose and sucrose. Hurrah indeed. Also, smoothies have heaps of fibre in them because they contain whole crushed fruit (on average 4g of fibre per bottle) and as fibre slows down the release of sugars in the body, our smoothies will help to keep you going that little bit longer.
Anyways, that's enough on the sugar lecture for today.
It'd be great to hear what you think about all this sugar business and to hear what your favourite keep-you-going food is too.
Happy chowing for now,
Dr. Shilps
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